Egypt’s startup ecosystem is surging. In recent years venture capital inflows into Egyptian tech companies have climbed sharply – on the order of 30–40% per year – fueled by a deep pool of talent and active VC funds. Leading local VCs (e.g. A15, Algebra Ventures, Sawari) and government-backed funds (Egypt Ventures) are funding seed-to-growth rounds. Notable exits signal the maturing market: for example, the ride-sharing startup SWVL went public on Nasdaq, and Cairo-based KNGI

Joint ventures (JVs) are a popular way for investors to collaborate on projects in Egypt. In a JV, two or more parties pool capital, expertise, and resources to achieve a common business goal. This arrangement can take various forms under Egyptian law – either as an incorporated company or a contractual partnership – but there is no special “joint venture law.”  Instead, JVs rely on general corporate and contract law. Under Egyptian practice, JV agreements are defined by mutu

An Original Design Manufacturer (ODM)  agreement is one where a local factory not only manufactures a product but also designs  it, selling the finished goods to a foreign buyer to brand as its own. In practical terms, a foreign investor commissions an Egyptian plant to create and build the product; the investor then puts its own label or trademark on the item. This contrasts with OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing), where the buyer supplies the design, and with white-labe

OEM contracts are manufacturing agreements under which one company (the OEM ) produces components or finished products according to another company’s specifications, and the buyer sells them under its own brand. In practice, the buyer provides the product design or core requirements, and the OEM factory manufactures and delivers the goods. The buyer then “packages” or brands the products under its trademark. In essence, an OEM contract ties the factory to produce goods that t

A partnership agreement in Egypt is a legally binding contract between two or more people (individuals or companies) who agree to carry on a business together and share profits and losses. Egyptian law treats partnerships (Sherkat) primarily as personal contracts rather than separate entities. For example, a general partnership  (Sherka ‘Odawiya) requires at least two active partners who share management and are jointly and severally liable  for the firm’s debts. Unlike corpo

Drafting a commercial contract in Egypt requires understanding the Egyptian legal framework and following key steps. Egyptian contract...

Contracts form the backbone of business and personal transactions in Egypt. Under Egyptian law, a contract is a legally binding agreement...